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Saturday, December 1, 2012

How Often Do WAR Leaders Win the MVP?

Congratulations to Miguel Cabrera for winning the AmericanLeague MVP!  As a Tigers fan, I'm happy that one of my players won such a prodigious award, even though I personally would've voted for Mike Trout.   Much, much debate has been going on against "old school" and "new school" with "old school" winning this round.  The newfangled stat this time for the "new school" sabermetrics is WAR (which includes defense, base running and positional value along with hitting).  It got me thinking about who did win the award with the highest WAR?  Was there ever a time where the voters valued defense and base running along with hitting or was it always about the best hitter (ignoring times where pitchers won the award)?

There are 3 versions of WAR, Baseball-reference's rWAR, FanGraphs' fWAR and Baseball Prospectus' WARP.  I'm only going to focus on rWAR and fWAR because I'm more familiar with those.  A couple of things to keep in mind:

- WAR hasn't been around for too long, so it's impossible to know who had the highest WAR at the time for the older years.

- Some of the components of WAR has changed over time, like defense, which is calculated differently recently with DRS (in rWAR) or UZR (in fWAR) than in older years which uses Total Zone.

- WAR, like any other stat, shouldn't be the only thing you look at when valuing a player.

American League:

Year
MVP Winner
rWAR
rWAR
 Rank
fWAR
fWAR
Rank
rWAR Leader
fWAR Leader
2012
Miguel Cabrera
6.9
4th
7.1
3rd
Mike Trout
Mike Trout
2011
8.3
2nd
7.0
T-7th
2010
8.4
1st
8.4
1st
Josh Hamilton
Josh Hamilton
2009
7.6
3rd
7.9
4th
Zack Greinke
2008
6.8
2nd
6.7
4th
2007
9.2
1st
9.7
1st
Alex Rodriguez
Alex Rodriguez
2006
4.0
T-34th
4.0
T-34th
2005
Alex Rodriguez
9.1
1st
9.1
1st
Alex Rodriguez
Alex Rodriguez
2004
5.2
T-10
6.3
6th
Johan Santana
2003
Alex Rodriguez
8.1
1st
9.3
1st
Alex Rodriguez
Alex Rodriguez
2002
5.3
T-12
4.7
T-24th
Alex Rodriguez
Alex Rodriguez
2001
Ichiro Suzuki
7.5
4th
6.1
6th
Jason Giambi
2000
Jason Giambi
7.4
5th
7.8
5th
Pedro Martinez
1999
6.1
T-9th
6.9
5th
Pedro Martinez
Pedro Martinez
1998
4.6
26th
5.3
T-17th
Alex Rodriguez
1997
8.9
2nd
9.4
2nd
Roger Clemens
Roger Clemens
1996
Juan Gonzalez
3.5
44th
3.7
T-53rd
Ken Griffey, Jr.
Ken Griffey, Jr.
1995
4.1
T-22nd
5.2
T-13th
Randy Johnson
1994
6.2
4th
7.3
1st
Frank Thomas
1993
Frank Thomas
5.9
15th
6.7
7th
Ken Griffey, Jr.
1992
2.8
65th
3.0
T-68th
Roger Clemens
Roger Clemens
1991
11.3
1st
11.1
1st
Cal Ripken, Jr.
Cal Ripken, Jr.
1990
9.8
2nd
10.5
1st
Roger Clemens
Rickey Henderson
1989
5.4
T-9th
5.8
12th
Rickey Henderson
1988
7.1
7th
8.2
4th
Wade Boggs
Roger Clemens
1987
4.6
T-21st
5.6
T-10th
Roger Clemens
Roger Clemens
1986
Roger Clemens
8.6
2nd
8.0
2nd
Wade Boggs
1985
6.4
T-7th
6.6
7th
Rickey Henderson
Rickey Henderson
1984
4.6
21st
3.1
T-73rd
Cal Ripken, Jr.
Cal Ripken, Jr.
1983
Cal Ripken, Jr.
8.0
1st
8.8
1st
Cal Ripken, Jr.
Cal Ripken, Jr.
1982
Robin Yount
10.4
1st
10.5
1st
Robin Yount
Robin Yount
1981
4.1
T-12th
2.5
T-43rd
Rickey Henderson
Rickey Henderson
1980
9.3
1st
9.5
1st
George Brett
George Brett
1979
3.5
T-44th
4.0
40th
Fred Lynn
1978
7.4
3rd
8.1
2nd
Ron Guidry
1977
9.5
1st
8.7
T-1st
Rod Carew
Rod Carew
1976
5.0
T-17th
4.8
T-16th
1975
Fred Lynn
7.1
T-6th
7.3
T-2nd
1974
3.2
T-26th
3.9
T-37th
1973
7.4
T-4th
7.3
5th
Bert Blyleven
Bert Blyleven
1972
8.1
3rd
8.5
1st
Gaylord Perry
Dick Allen
1971
8.7
2nd
8.8
1st
Vida Blue
1970
4.8
19th
6.3
T-7th
Carl Yastrzemski
1969
Harman Killebrew
5.7
9th
8.2
T-6th
Rico Petrocelli
1968
6.8
4th
6.9
7th
Carl Yastrzemski
Carl Yastrzemski
1967
Carl Yastrzemski
9.3
1st
12.1
1st
Carl Yastrzemski
Carl Yastrzemski
1966
7.3
1st
9.1
1st
Frank Robinson
Frank Robinson
1965
7.1
2nd
7.9
2nd
Sam McDowell
1964
7.8
2nd
9.4
1st
Brooks Robinson
1963
5.0
8th
7.0
3rd
Bob Allison
1962
5.7
3rd
6.7
3rd
Hank Aquirre
Brooks Robinson
1961
6.7
T-5th
7.9
6th
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Mantle
1960
Roger Maris
7.3
1st
8.1
1st
Roger Maris
Roger Maris
1959
5.9
4th
6.8
T-3rd
Camilo Pascual
1958
4.6
T-9th
5.9
6th
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Mantle
1957
Mickey Mantle
11.1
1st
12.1
1st
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Mantle
1956
Mickey Mantle
11.0
1st
12.3
1st
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Mantle
1955
4.2
14th
5.5
4th
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Mantle
1954
Yogi Berra
5.0
T-8th
6.2
8th
1953
9.8
1st
9.4
1st
Al Rosen
Al Rosen
1952
9.2
1st
6.6
4th
Bobby Shantz
1951
Yogi Berra
4.5
T-11th
5.8
5th
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1950
6.6
2nd
7.6
T-1st
Phil Rizzuto
Al Rosen
1949
Ted Williams
9.1
1st
10.6
1st
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1948
10.2
1st
11.6
1st
Lou Boudreau
Lou Boudreau
1947
4.5
T-8th
5.2
5th
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1946
Ted Williams
10.7
1st
12.4
1st
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1945
11.3
1st
8.0
2nd
Hal Newhouser
1944
Hal Newhouser
7.4
4th
7.3
4th
Snuffy Stirnweiss
1943
6.0
5th
6.8
6th
Lou Boudreau
1942
7.8
2nd
9.3
2nd
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1941
Joe DiMaggio
8.6
2nd
10.6
2nd
Ted Williams
Ted Williams
1940
6.7
4th
8.6
2nd
Bob Feller
1939
Joe DiMaggio
7.9
T-2nd
9.1
1st
Bob Feller
Joe DiMaggio
1938
7.5
1st
9.4
1st
Jimmie Foxx
Jimmie Foxx
1937
7.3
6th
9.5
2nd
Joe DiMaggio
1936
9.0
2nd
10.8
1st
Lefty Grove
Lou Gehrig
1935
Hank Greenberg
7.4
6th
8.4
3rd
Lou Gehrig
1934
3.7
T-25th
4.4
22nd
Lou Gehrig
Lou Gehrig
1933
Jimmie Foxx
9.0
1st
11.0
1st
Jimmie Foxx
Jimmie Foxx
1932
Jimmie Foxx
10.2
1st
12.1
1st
Jimmie Foxx
Jimmie Foxx
1931
Lefty Grove
9.5
2nd
7.8
4th
Babe Ruth

23 out of the 82 American League MVP winners had the highest rWAR (28%) and 29 had the highest fWAR (35.4%).  Together, 31 winners had either the highest rWAR or fWAR (37.8%).


National League:


Year
MVP Winner
rWAR
rWAR
Rank
fWAR
fWAR
Rank
rWAR Leader
fWAR Leader
2012
7.2
1st
8.0
1st
Buster Posey
Buster Posey
2011
7.7
4th
7.6
3rd
Roy Halladay
2010
6.7
6th
7.3
2nd
Roy Halladay
2009
Albert Pujols
9.4
1st
9.0
1st
Albert Pujols
Albert Pujols
2008
Albert Pujols
9.0
1st
9.1
1st
Albert Pujols
Albert Pujols
2007
6.0
8th
6.9
T-7th
Albert Pujols
2006
5.0
T-14th
6.2
T-7th
Albert Pujols
Albert Pujols
2005
Albert Pujols
8.2
T-1st
8.2
2nd
Albert Pujols
2004
10.4
1st
11.9
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
2003
Barry Bonds
8.9
1st
10.5
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
2002
Barry Bonds
11.6
1st
12.5
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
2001
Barry Bonds
11.6
1st
12.9
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
2000
6.9
5th
7.6
5th
Randy Johnson
1999
6.7
4th
7.7
T-3rd
Randy Johnson
Randy Johnson
1998
6.3
T-12th
7.4
T-7th
Kevin Brown
1997
9.6
1st
9.4
T-2nd
Larry Walker
1996
7.4
5th
7.6
T-5th
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
1995
5.7
6th
5.3
6th
Greg Maddux
1994
7.9
2nd
7.8
1st
Greg Maddux
Jeff Bagwell
1993
Barry Bonds
9.7
1st
10.6
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
1992
Barry Bonds
8.9
T-1st
9.7
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
Greg Maddux
1991
5.8
5th
6.4
4th
Barry Bonds
1990
Barry Bonds
9.5
1st
10.1
1st
Barry Bonds
Barry Bonds
1989
6.8
T-5th
7.1
5th
Lonnie Smith
1988
6.2
6th
6.3
3rd
Barry Larkin
1987
3.7
T-26th
3.7
T-30th
Tony Gwynn
1986
5.8
4th
5.9
T-5th
Mike Scott
1985
7.9
2nd
7.2
T-3rd
Dwight Gooden
1984
8.4
1st
8.1
2nd
Ryne Sandberg
Dwight Gooden
1983
6.8
T-3rd
7.3
3rd
1982
Dale Murphy
5.8
11th
6.1
10th
Steve Carlton
1981
Mike Schmidt
7.5
1st
8.0
1st
Mike Schmidt
Mike Schmidt
1980
Mike Schmidt
8.6
2nd
9.1
T-1st
Steve Carlton
Mike Schmidt
Steve Carlton
1979
7.4
3rd
7.5
4th
2.3
T-67th
2.8
T-56
1978
6.9
2nd
7.1
2nd
Phil Niekro
1977
8.2
4th
9.3
2nd
Rick Reuchel
Mike Schmidt
1976
9.5
1st
10.1
1st
Joe Morgan
Joe Morgan
1975
Joe Morgan
10.8
1st
11.4
1st
Joe Morgan
Joe Morgan
1974
4.3
27th
4.4
34th
Mike Schmidt
Mike Schmidt
1973
8.2
4th
7.9
5th
1972
8.5
3rd
10.2
2nd
Steve Carlton
Steve Carlton
1971
5.6
10th
7.7
T-4th
Fergie Jenkins
1970
Johnny Bench
7.1
T-2nd
8.7
5th
Bob Gibson
1969
7.9
5th
8.4
4th
Bob Gibson
Bob Gibson
1968
Bob Gibson
11.7
1st
9.6
1st
Bob Gibson
Bob Gibson
1967
6.6
5th
7.6
4th
Ron Santo
1966
8.1
6th
8.0
5th
Sandy Koufax
1965
10.9
1st
11.5
1st
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1964
5.8
T-13th
6.4
T-15th
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1963
Sandy Koufax
10.3
1st
9.7
2nd
Sandy Koufax
Willie Mays
1962
5.8
7th
6.0
T-10th
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1961
Frank Robinson
7.3
4th
7.6
T-4th
Hank Aaron
1960
6.0
8th
6.2
10th
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1959
9.9
1st
10.4
1st
Ernie Banks
Ernie Banks
1958
Ernie Banks
9.2
2nd
9.7
2nd
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1957
Hank Aaron
7.7
2nd
8.5
2nd
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1956
4.2
20th
4.8
T-15th
Duke Snider
1955
5.0
T-12th
6.4
9th
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1954
Willie Mays
10.3
1st
11.4
1st
Willie Mays
Willie Mays
1953
Roy Campanella
6.8
6th
8.5
T-4th
Duke Snider
1952
5.4
9th
6.1
6th
Jackie Robinson
1951
Roy Campanella
6.3
T-8th
7.5
4th
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson
1950
4.6
T-16th
0.9
T-87
Eddie Stanky
1949
Jackie Robinson
9.3
1st
10.0
1st
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson
1948
Stan Musial
10.8
1st
11.5
1st
Stan Musial
Stan Musial
1947
6.4
5th
7.4
4th
1946
Stan Musial
8.4
1st
9.6
1st
Stan Musial
Stan Musial
1945
5.9
5th
6.9
4th
Tommy Holmes
1944
4.6
18th
5.0
14th
Stan Musial
Stan Musial
1943
Stan Musial
9.3
1st
10.5
1st
Stan Musial
Stan Musial
1942
8.1
1st
6.6
T-2nd
Mort Cooper
1941
6.7
T-2nd
7.1
3rd
1940
5.7
6th
5.6
5th
Johnny Mize
1939
9.5
1st
4.0
T-19th
Bucky Walters
Johnny Mize
1938
5.3
6th
5.1
6th
Mel Ott
1937
8.1
1st
8.1
1st
Joe Medwick
Joe Medwick
1936
9.6
1st
5.2
11th
Carl Hubbell
Mel Ott
1935
4.8
13th
5.1
10th
Arky Vaughan
1934
8.9
1st
6.3
5th
Dizzy Dean
Mel Ott
1933
Carl Hubbell
8.6
1st
5.9
5th
Carl Hubbell
1932
Chuck Klein
6.5
5th
7.3
3rd
Mel Ott
Mel Ott
1931
3.5
T-22
4.4
13th

31 out of the 83 National League winners had the highest rWAR (37.3%) and 24 had the highest fWAR (28.9%).  Combined, 33 winners had either the highest rWAR or fWAR (39.8%).

Overall, out of the 165 total MVP winners, 54 had the highest rWAR (32.7%) and 53 had the highest fWAR (32.1%).  Combined, 64 MVP winners had either the highest rWAR or fWAR (38.8%).

This of course doesn't mean that voters used WAR (or for those years where WAR didn't exist, the "overall" contributions of a player) as their primary reason.  There were two main reasons why Miguel Cabrera won over Mike Trout, 1. He won the Triple Crown and 2. The Tigers made the playoffs.  Had Mike Trout won one of the Triple Crown stats and/or made the playoffs, it probably would've been very close in the voting.

This next table shows the MVP winners who led the league in WAR (either rWAR or fWAR) and how they did in the Triple Crown stats and whether they made the playoffs.


Year
MVP Winner
AVG
HR
RBI
Playoffs?
2012
1st
T-22nd
6th
Yes
2010
1st
T-5th
12th
Yes
2009
3rd
1st
3rd
Yes
2008
Albert Pujols
2nd
T-4th
4th
No
2007
13th
1st
1st
Yes
2005
Alex Rodriguez
2nd
1st
4th
Yes
2005
Albert Pujols
2nd
3rd
T-2nd
Yes
2004
1st
4th
3rd
Yes
2003
Alex Rodriguez
20th
1st
2nd
No
2003
Barry Bonds
3rd
T-2nd
24th
Yes
2002
Barry Bonds
1st
2nd
T-6th
Yes
2001
Barry Bonds
7th
1st
4th
No
1997
2nd
1st
3rd
No
1994
3rd
2nd
T-3rd
N/A
1994
2nd
2nd
1st
N/A
1993
Barry Bonds
4th
1st
1st
No
1992
Barry Bonds
7th
2nd
4th
Yes
1991
6th
3rd
4th
No
1990
2nd
T-6th
T-45th
Yes
1990
Barry Bonds
14th
T-4th
4th
Yes
1984
4th
T-14th
15th
Yes
1983
Cal Ripken, Jr.
5th
T-9th
9th
Yes
1982
2nd
11th
4th
Yes
1981
4th
1st
1st
Yes
1980
1st
T-9th
T-2nd
Yes
1980
Mike Schmidt
20th
1st
1st
Yes
1977
1st
T-52nd
T-13th
No
1976
5th
5th
2nd
Yes
1975
Joe Morgan
4th
T-24th
11th
Yes
1972
3rd
1st
1st
No
1971
-
-
-
Yes
1968
-
-
-
Yes
1967
1st
T-1st
1st
Yes
1966
1st
1st
1st
Yes
1965
3rd
1st
3rd
No
1964
2nd
T-10th
1st
No
1963
-
-
-
Yes
1960
13th
2nd
1st
Yes
1959
10th
2nd
1st
No
1957
2nd
3rd
6th
Yes
1956
Mickey Mantle
1st
1st
1st
Yes
1954
Willie Mays
1st
T-3rd
6th
Yes
1953
2nd
1st
1st
No
1952
-
-
-
No
1950
6th
T-47th
T-31
Yes
1949
2nd
1st
T-1st
No
1949
1st
T-18th
2nd
Yes
1948
2nd
10th
8th
Yes
1948
1st
3rd
1st
No
1946
Ted Williams
2nd
2nd
2nd
Yes
1946
Stan Musial
1st
T-5th
3rd
Yes
1945
-
-
-
Yes
1943
Stan Musial
1st
T-6th
T-6th
Yes
1942
-
-
-
Yes
1939
1st
4th
2nd
Yes
1939
-
-
-
Yes
1938
1st
2nd
1st
No
1937
1st
T-1st
1st
No
1936
4th
1st
2nd
Yes
1936
-
-
-
Yes
1934
-
-
-
Yes
1933
Jimmie Foxx
1st
1st
1st
No
1933
Carl Hubbell
-
-
-
Yes
1932
Jimmie Foxx
1st
1st
1st
No

43 of the 64 MVP WAR leaders went to the playoffs (67.2%) and 37 won at least one of the Triple Crown categories (57.8%) but only 2 failed to win one of the Triple Crown categories and failed to go to the playoffs - Albert Pujols in 2008 and Cal Ripkin, Jr. in 1991.  Only 2 out of 165 (1.2%) MVP winners had the same conditions of Mike Trout in 2012: highest WAR while not making the playoffs or winning one of the Triple Crown categories. 

10 names in this table are pitchers.  Some might thing it's unfair to compare pitchers to hitters, especially considering that some voters don't think pitchers should be eligible for MVP Award (they have their own award, the Cy Young) and some years pitchers weren't strong candidates to win the award.  So, I'm coming up with the "close enough" rule.  This rule is going to only focus on batters.  Also, it's impossible to win a fraction of a game; if someone is within 1 win of someone else, then it's reasonable to assume that their values are very similar to each other and the difference is insignificant (this also minimizes the margin of error of the WAR stat).

MVP batters who are within 1 WAR (either rWAR or fWAR) of the league leaders:


Year MVP Winner AVG HR RBI Playoffs?
2011
Ryan Braun 2nd T-6th 4th Yes
2010
Joey Votto 2nd 3rd 3rd Yes
2009
Joe Mauer 1st T-17th 16th Yes
2008
Dustin Pedroia 2nd T-43rd 27th Yes
2004
Vladimir Guerrero 3rd 4th 4th Yes
1999
Ivan Rodriguez 7th T-11th 14th Yes
1999
Chipper Jones 10th T-3rd T-17th Yes
1997
Ken Griffey, Jr. 15th 1st 1st Yes
1988
Kirk Gibson 11th T-7th 16th Yes
1986
Mike Schmidt 10th 1st 1st No
1985
Willie McGee 1st T-47th 16th Yes
1983
Dale Murphy 6th 2nd 1st No
1979
Keith Hernandez 1st T-44th 5th No
1978
Jim Rice 3rd 1st 1st No
1978
Dave Parker 1st 3rd 2nd No
1977
George Foster 3rd 1st 1st No
1975
Fred Lynn 2nd T-13th 3rd Yes
1973
Reggie Jackson 10th 1st 1st Yes
1973
Pete Rose 1st T-83rd T-38th Yes
1972
Johnny Bench 29th 1st 1st Yes
1970
Johnny Bench 23rd 1st 1st Yes
1969
Willie McCovey 5th 1st 1st No
1966
Roberto Clemente 5th T-10th 2nd No
1965
Zoilo Versalles 15th T-18th 14th Yes
1962
Mickey Mantle 2nd 7th T-15th Yes
1959
Nellie Fox 4th T-91st 22nd Yes
1958
Ernie Banks 6th 1st 1st No
1957
Hank Aaron 4th 1st 1st Yes
1941
Dolph Camilli 18th 1st 1st Yes
1940
Hank Greenberg 5th 1st 1st Yes
1937
Charlie Gehringer 1st T-17th 16th No
1935
Hank Greenberg 7th T-1st 1st Yes

32 batters fit this criteria and an overwhelming 22 went to the playoffs (68.8%).  Of the 10 who didn't make it to the playoffs, 9 of them won at least one of the Triple Crown stats.  The only one who didn't was Roberto Clemente in 1966.  

Conclusion: Adding the last 2 tables together, and it can be stated that 96 of the 165 MVP Winners were either the best or close to the best in the given year, according to the WAR statistic.   However, all but 3 of them (1.82%) either made it to the playoffs or won a Triple Crown category, which was probably the major factor over WAR.  If anything, the voters are consistent, if not stuck in their "old school" way of thinking.  

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